Boy or Girl: Which Gender Baby Would You Pick? :: essays research papers

Boy or Girl Which Gender Baby Would You Pick?By Bjorn Carey LiveScience Staff Writerposted 23 March 2005 627am ETWhen given the opportunity to ask the bring up of their baby, women are just as likely to choose pink socks as blue, a new study shows. "Sex woof is a topic thats almost taboo for physicians to talk about," said Tarun Jain, a reproductive specialist at the University of Illinois, Chicago. "Yet, its important to understand patient interest in non-medical sex selection and adequately address the ethical and affectionate implications before the cat is out of the bag. Prior to this study, there has been no data to indicate what the demand might be." Of the 561 women who participated in the study, 229 said they would like to choose the sex of a future child. Among these 229 there was no greater for demand for boys or girls. However, the data showed that women who already had one or to a greater extent children of one sex would favor for their next child to be of the opposite sex to create gender balance within the family. Selecting for sexThere are two rules of sex selection being used in the United States today. One is sperm separation the concept being that sperm with an X chromosome (for girls) weigh a little more than sperm with a Y chromosome (for boys). Because of this slight difference, the sperm can be sorted out and prepared for a simple insemination procedure.Sex selection by sperm separation has a success rate of about 90 percent for girls and about 70 percent for boys.The other common method is pre-implantation heritable diagnosis, or PGD, which is a form of in vitro fertilization, where embryos are prepared in a test tube before implantation in a charrs uterus. Unlike traditional in vitro fertilization, doctors take a few cells from each prepared PGD embryo to determine its sex, and they only implant embryos of the desired sexes. This method has a success rate of nearly 100 percent, but is more expensive and much mo re physically intrusive for a woman compared to sperm separation, researchers say. Neither method will cause any harm to the developing baby, they say."In our study, patients were about equal on which procedure they would prefer," Jian told LiveScience. "PGD is tougher, but maybe patients bustt want that slight uncertainty that comes with sperm separation."Banned in UKSex selection for non-medical reasons is banned in the United Kingdom a purpose that was favored by 80 percent of the population but there are currently no laws to stop American parents-to-be from employing the technology.

Taking a Deeper Look at The Piano Lesson by August Wilson Essay

pickings a Deeper Look at The Piano Lesson by tremendous WilsonWinner of multiple awards such as the Tony Award, the New York Drama Critics raft Award, and the Pulitzer Prize, August Wilson is cognise most for his forceful cultural plays. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Wilson was born to a white father that later abandoned his family, and a dismal mother. Wilson dropped step up of school in the ninth grade after being accused of plagiarism. Wilson after went to public libraries and read various books this was an initiation for Wilson and his flourishing future. When Wilson first started theme he didnt think he was able to write his own works be face of such great writers before him. Quote black literature denunciation. However Wilson has managed to accomplish great works such as his second Pulitzer Award winning play, The Piano Lesson. The play introduces an out(p)standing and self-propelled cultural discern of many black Americans in the twentieth century. It conveys a family feud that is set off by a piano, a miraculous piano. In The Piano Lesson, August Wilson introduces two siblings, boy Willie Charles and Berniece Charles Crawley, set in 1937. Wilson first reveals that Boy Willie lives in Mississippi, and Berniece lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (set of the play). This identification of the two allows the audience and ratifier to know that on that point is and will be a difference amid the two siblings. The play is about the two siblings and their conflict between the piano. During slavery time, Boy Willie and Bernieces grandfathers (Willie Boy Charles) slave owner Sutter had exchanged their grandmother and uncle for the piano as a gift for his wife. later getting worn out of the piano, Sutters wife missed her slaves so much, Sutter had Willie Boy to hand-carve the faces of his wife and sons faces on the legs of the piano. However, Willie Boy didnt stop there he shape all of their ancestors on to the piano. The conflict bet ween Boy Willie and Berniece is set off when Bernieces husband dies due to stealing the piano with Boy Willie. Because of this, Berniece blames her brother for the cause of her husbands death. She moves to Pittsburgh after and leaves Boy Willie. When the land that their ancestors worked on is offered to Boy Willie, Boy Willie decides to sell the piano as a down payment. Boy Willie thinks that itll be better to take aim the land and m... ...to sit in her home unused. She loses all ties with her heritage while in Pittsburgh and only praises the piano for its meaning from what she sees on the outside of the piano. The tune symbolizes how worthy the piano is it has to be played. The song is also what makes Sutters ghost disappear at the end of the play. It plays a very essential role in the play in that it was taught to Berniece by her mother. Perhaps her mother appeared to Berniece spiritually at the end of the play to urge Berniece to play the song over again to get liberate of Sutters ghost. Having Sutters ghost appear to Berniece doesnt only motivate her to play the song, but also sends Boy Willie back to Mississippi. After frightening both(prenominal) Berniece and Boy Willie, it is clear to the two that the piano is more significant than they both thought before. August Wilson does a very fine telephone line by presenting threesome symbols the piano, Sutters ghost, and the song. All three symbols play major roles and are the foundations of the play. The symbols here allows the reader and audience to tie the history of the Charles family and the feud between Boy Willie and Berniece together. Its a relation between the past and the present. Taking a Deeper Look at The Piano Lesson by August Wilson EssayTaking a Deeper Look at The Piano Lesson by August WilsonWinner of multiple awards such as the Tony Award, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize, August Wilson is known most for his forceful cultural plays. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Wilson was born to a white father that later abandoned his family, and a black mother. Wilson dropped out of school in the ninth grade after being accused of plagiarism. Wilson after went to public libraries and read various books this was an initiation for Wilson and his successful future. When Wilson first started writing he didnt think he was able to write his own works because of such great writers before him. Quote black literature criticism. However Wilson has managed to accomplish great works such as his second Pulitzer Award winning play, The Piano Lesson. The play introduces an outstanding and dynamic cultural view of many black Americans in the twentieth century. It conveys a family feud that is set off by a piano, a miraculous piano. In The Piano Lesson, August Wilson introduces two siblings, Boy Willie Charles and Berniece Charles Crawley, set in 1937. Wilson first reveals that Boy Willie lives in Mississippi, and Berniece lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (set of the play). This identification of the two allows the audience and reader to know that there is and will be a difference between the two siblings. The play is about the two siblings and their conflict between the piano. During slavery time, Boy Willie and Bernieces grandfathers (Willie Boy Charles) slave owner Sutter had exchanged their grandmother and uncle for the piano as a gift for his wife. After getting worn out of the piano, Sutters wife missed her slaves so much, Sutter had Willie Boy to hand-carve the faces of his wife and sons faces on the legs of the piano. However, Willie Boy didnt stop there he carved all of their ancestors on to the piano. The conflict between Boy Willie and Berniece is set off when Bernieces husband dies due to stealing the piano with Boy Willie. Because of this, Berniece blames her brother for the cause of her husbands death. She moves to Pittsburgh after and leaves Boy Willie. When the land that their ancestors worke d on is offered to Boy Willie, Boy Willie decides to sell the piano as a down payment. Boy Willie thinks that itll be better to have the land and m... ...to sit in her home unused. She loses all ties with her heritage while in Pittsburgh and only praises the piano for its meaning from what she sees on the outside of the piano. The song symbolizes how worthy the piano is it has to be played. The song is also what makes Sutters ghost disappear at the end of the play. It plays a very important role in the play in that it was taught to Berniece by her mother. Perhaps her mother appeared to Berniece spiritually at the end of the play to urge Berniece to play the song again to get rid of Sutters ghost. Having Sutters ghost appear to Berniece doesnt only motivate her to play the song, but also sends Boy Willie back to Mississippi. After frightening both Berniece and Boy Willie, it is clear to the two that the piano is more significant than they both thought before. August Wilson does a ve ry fine job by presenting three symbols the piano, Sutters ghost, and the song. All three symbols play major roles and are the foundations of the play. The symbols here allows the reader and audience to tie the history of the Charles family and the feud between Boy Willie and Berniece together. Its a relation between the past and the present.

Converting Switchgrass to Biofuel Essay -- Biology Ethanol Alternative

Introduction People submit energy, its a fact. We need it for our cars, for our televisions and for our iPods. We need it all the time, e very(prenominal) day. The simple fact is though, we are running out. Carbon based fuels are being used at an alarming tramp every day. And every day our demand increases as our society becomes more and more reliant on technology.There is only so much oil color in the world though and when that is gone we need to look for alternative sources of energy. Sources like ethyl alcohol produced from Switchgrass.In 2004 an article was published on the creation of ethanol from hired gunes made from switchgrass. The article was titled, Fermentation of Biomass-Generated Producer Gas to Ethanol.This article held produced several interesting results. First it demonstrated that producer gas could be generated from biomass (Switchgrass) and that the producer gas could be fermented to produce ethanol. Second the cells stopped growing but did not die. During t his period of non-growth ethanol was produced. Third H2 utilization ceased and fourth cells began growing again if sluttish bottled gases were introduced following exposure to the producer gas (Datar, Shenkman, Cateni, Huhnke and Lewis 2004, p. 1.) Switchgrass Panicum virgatumWhy switchgrass? Thats the question of the hour. And to tell there truth there are a lot of reasons. for the first time and foremost is the fact that there are millions of dollars in government funding available. Secondly switchgrass is grown across the entire center of the united states in a variety of environments.Switchgrass is hardy and adaptable, it grows large and fast, sometime reaching slightly over ten feet in height. As a bonus switchgrass also processes water very efficie... ...ide, 4.4% Hydrogen Gas, and 4.2% Methane gas. The actual gasified switch grass however, did not have this composition and had some unknown element or molecules that was damaging to the cells.This unknown molecule or molecu les could be oxygen, nitric oxide, or ammonia, all of which are known to negatively affect cells. This article was published in 2004 and, the follow up essay that addresses these impurities was conducted by the same people in 2005. In this experiment they found that the gas did in fact have many impurities and an extensive gas cleanup position procedure needed to be implemented in order to effectively harvest ethanol from the bacteria P7. The molecule that was mostly responsible for disrupting the cell was nitric oxide. All in all it seems entirely viable to use this biological process in order to manufacture ethanol for wide spread use.

USA vs Jeffrey Lee Parson :: essays research papers

United States of AmericaVs.Jeffrey downwind ParsonUnited States of America, Plaintiff vs Jeffrey Lee Parsons, Defendant.With the help of the Cyber Squad in the Seattle Division of the FBI, United States Secret Service and victim, Microsoft Corporation, a complaint was filed on August 28, 2003. According to the plaintiff, this individual intentionally caused and attempt to cause damage to a protected computer. Using the Homeland Security Act and the Cyber Security Enhancement Act, the complaint was filed under the U.S.C. Title 18, Sections 1030(a)(5)(A)(i), 1030(a)(5)(B)(i), 1030(b), and 1030(c)(4)(A), and Section 2. On August 12, 2003, a computer worm was released called MSBlaster.B, which was distributed through two files teekids.exe ( which included code that directs compromised computers to attack the Microsoft domain name www.windowsupdate.com and a backdoor file Lithium ( which allows a way into a password protected system without use of a password and remote control a system ). The worm itself targeted mostly Windows 2000 & Windows XP systems. If Windows NT or Windows 2003 servers do not suck the appropriate patches, they too may be vulner subject. The function of the worm is to exploit the DCOM RPC vulnerability. All information obtained about an IP address from where authorities suspected the worm had came from led them to obtain a search warrant on a individual on August 19, 2003. On that day, FBI and USSS Special Agents seized seven-spot computers throughout the household. The individual in question, Jeffrey Lee Parson, admitted to agents that he modified the Blaster worm and creating a variety of them including one named, W32/Lovesan.worm.b. Within the worm he rigid code that would direct computers to his personal website, www.t33kid.com, so he could maintain a list of compromised computers. According to authorities, with the use of the worm and its code named teekids.exe, he was able to infect at least seven thousand computers upon releasing i t to the internet. Using the Lithium file within the worm, he accessed the infected computers. He used those computers to unveiling and even larger attack called a DDos Attack (a target computer is inundated with requests from a overwhelming number of sources causing a computer to be overwhelmed and shut down). After he gained control, those seven thousand computers were used to launch the attack that contacted approximately 41,000 computers. Those were instructed to do an attack on the Microsoft web site. Federal investigators have estimated the cost of destruction to be around $1.

French Revolution :: essays research papers

forty winkss return to an autocratic government saved the French revolution, and all(prenominal)(a) it stood for and relieve France from a near potentially anarchic situation. Napoleon although an autocratic dictator, was nothing like his predecessors (nor was he like king Louis XVI). Napoleon was in touch with all French men and worked for the good of all French people, and introduced new reforms and change. Napoleons autocratic government made some important decisions that were duly welcomed by many French people. Napoleon changed the way of life for many French people, which placed increased confidence in French government and leadership by instituting the destruction of the corrupt directory(or also known as the Coup detat). Frances political changes and restructure, paved the way for radical social changes in many areas of French society (e.g. personal rights & freedom, education, roads, public works and laws etc). Increased territory to the France (on napoleons command) me ant further glory to France, and inturn meant increased wealth for the French government. The most important of all Napoleons achievements was the formation of the Bank of France this generated positive interest in the French economy and encouraged investment in France. The coup detat was an act by Napoleon and Emmanuel Sieyes to eradicate the Directory. The Directory was a new form of government that was established in 1795. It consisted of five members that were elected by both houses of the legislature. This form of government was proved even slight effective than the Legislative Assembly and the national convention. Within the Directory there was incompetence and corruption that was putting France in a major debt. It didnt do much to go the financial problems and military problems in France. Attacks on the republic and other conservatives increased. Rising prices and disrupted production drove some groups in France to armed protests. And foreign aggression to France continued . Then when Napoleon, Sieyes, and their followers got their chance they executed the coup detat. Armed soldiers forced legislators from their chambers, and abolished the directory. France proclaimed a new form of government that Napoleon called the Consulate. Three consuls headed it, and Napoleon was the first consul. Being first consuls mean that Napoleon assumed practically most power. Napoleons power allowed him to do the things that needed to be done, and even allowed him to become consul for life, ulterior to become emperor of France. Napoleon them reorganized almost everything in France, and made way for a better French society.

French Revolution :: essays research papers

short sleeps return to an autocratic government saved the French revolution, and each(a) it stood for and livery France from a near potentially anarchic situation. Napoleon although an autocratic dictator, was nothing like his predecessors (nor was he like king Louis XVI). Napoleon was in touch with all French men and worked for the good of all French people, and introduced new reforms and change. Napoleons autocratic government made umpteen important decisions that were duly welcomed by many French people. Napoleon changed the way of life for many French people, which placed increased confidence in French government and leadership by instituting the destruction of the corrupt directory(or also known as the Coup detat). Frances political changes and restructure, paved the way for radical social changes in many areas of French society (e.g. personal rights & freedom, education, roads, public works and laws etc). Increased territory to the France (on napoleons command) meant furth er glory to France, and inturn meant increased wealth for the French government. The most important of all Napoleons achievements was the formation of the Bank of France this generated positive interest in the French economy and encouraged investment in France. The coup detat was an act by Napoleon and Emmanuel Sieyes to tip over the Directory. The Directory was a new form of government that was established in 1795. It consisted of five members that were elected by both houses of the legislature. This form of government was proved even little effective than the Legislative Assembly and the national convention. Within the Directory there was incompetence and corruption that was putting France in a major debt. It didnt do much to work out the financial problems and military problems in France. Attacks on the republic and other conservatives increased. Rising prices and disrupted production drove some groups in France to armed protests. And foreign ill will to France continued. The n when Napoleon, Sieyes, and their followers got their chance they executed the coup detat. Armed soldiers forced legislators from their chambers, and abolished the directory. France proclaimed a new form of government that Napoleon called the Consulate. Three consuls headed it, and Napoleon was the first consul. Being first consuls mean that Napoleon assumed practically most power. Napoleons power allowed him to do the things that needed to be done, and even allowed him to become consul for life, posterior to become emperor of France. Napoleon them reorganized almost everything in France, and made way for a better French society.

Jean Toomer Biography Essay

Jean Toomer was born as Nathan Eugene Pinchback Toomer on December 26, 1884 in Washington, D.C. His father was a wealthy farmer, who was originally born into slavery in Georgia. Nina Pinchback was also of mixed descent. Jeans father abandoned his family when he son was an infant, so he and his mother lived with her parents. As a child in Washington, Toomer attended all-black schools. After his mother remarried, they moved to New Rochelle, New York, and he attended an all-white school. After his mothers death, Jean returned to Washington to live with his grandparents. He graduated from an academic black high school. By his early adult years, he refused to be segregated and wanted to be identified only as an American.Between 1914 and 1917 Jean Toomer attended the University of Wisconsin, the Massachusetts College of Agriculture, the American College of Physical Training in Chicago, the University of Chicago, New York University, and the City College of New York. He majored in agricultu re, fitness, biology, sociology, and history only when he never completed a degree.After leaving college, Jean published some short stories and continued writing after World struggle I. In 1923, Toomer returned to New York where he became friends with Waldo Frank, who became his mentor and editor on his novel Cane. In 1923, he published the novel Cane, in which he used clobber inspired by his time in Georgia. Below is an excerpt from his novel, Cane.whisper of yellow globesgleaming on lamp posts that swaylike bootleg licker drinkers in the confuseand let your breath be moist against melike bright beads on yellow globestelephone the power-housethat the main wires are insulate(her words bunk up and downdewy corridors of billboards)then with your tongue remove the tapeand press your lips to minetill they are incandescentReadingWoman.com states, Cane is one of the plant life of fiction that announced the arrival of the Harlem Renaissance. Though a slim volume, this collection of s ketches, stories and poems makes up a dense and powerful book. Through vivid imagery and regular(a) dialects, Jean Toomer realistically portrays the lives and experiences of African-Americans, from the Southern peasant to the urban black in the North. Neither glorified nor stereotyped, Toomers characters speak in their own voices and are tout ensemble themselves, their behavior reflecting the truth about who and what they are. Cane compels the reader to feel its power on a physical level. At the time the book was published, and still today, these full, spicy characters and images lead us to a greater understanding of the human condition. He stopped writing literary works in 1950. Jean Toomer died on defect 30, 1967 in Doylestown, PA after years of poor health.Works CitedJean Toomer ENotes.com Reference. Enotes.com. Enotes.com. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. .Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Book Reviews. Great Books for You to Read. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. .Jean Toomer Biography. Department o f Mathematics, University at Buffalo. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. .

Human Cloning

Ashley Brackett Biology Ms. Lecco Block 1A human race Cloning Helpful or Harmful? Human re-create, which was once thought of as the witchcraft involved in fictional stories, is a true thing in the real world. Human cloning involves replicating DNA of one organism into another one (Human Cloning). The controversial topic of cloning is seen by citizens that it could be beneficial for all humans, but by many people it is conceived as immoral and unsafe. Human cloning should not be allowed because the health risks involved, its depraved background, and errors that could occur during the cloning process.Cloning is potentially very parlous to the clone being formed. For example, in mammalian cloning, at least 95% mammal experimental clones open had miscarriages, stillbirths, and life-threatening anomalies (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). No clones are utterly healthy and will clearly have difficulty during pregnancies. Pregnancy problems will affect the clone and its child. Also, clo ning can lead to birth defects to the clones themselves as well(p) (Health Risks). Since clones are scientifically made, their organs are enlarged which is the more or less common reason for birth defects.Clones are in any case likely to experience an early stopping point due to their weaker immune system (Health Risks). Clones will experience death possible before normally developed human. Health problems and early death is what makes human cloning unsafe. Along with all the health risks, human cloning is also immoral to a great amount of the populace. Clones are formed because of a nuclear presenter and as a result, a clone will never be able to be its own self (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). This will affect a clones social development. Making an exact copy of someone is not morally right.Cloning could diminish the sense of uniqueness among human beings (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). concourse are supposed to have their own personality and physical features. Being an i ndividual is ethical. As well as destroying a sense of individuality, cloning also would fosters a persons idea of a human being by how its made to how it looks (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). There will be a specific look that all people will believe is perfection. This forms unrealistic images in young childrens minds and also takes away self appreciation.Cloning is immortal and should not be used to create a human being. Cloning is now as an experiment and it is not always perfect. In cloning, many mistakes are made. The most common mistake is DNA imprinting (Health Risks). Improper imprinting on an embryo can lead to organ abnormalities. Because cloning can possibly have errors, a clone is never going to be what it is meant to be which is a copy of a person. Human cloning will never be mediocre right. Human cloning is extremely hazardous, unethical, and can result in many errors. It posts many dangers and makes citizens lose sight of individuality.For these reasons, human clo ning should not be allowed in the United States. Work Cited Human Cloning. Buzzle. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. . Pandey, Kundan. Health Risks of Cloning. Buzzle. N. p. , 16 June 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. . Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pros and Cons. Genetics and Society. Center for Genetics and Society, 15 May 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. .

Benefits of Art Education

Steps to Art Early Childhood humanistic discipline Education Initiative Fact cruise About the Benefits of Arts Education for Children Benefits of Arts Education pedigree Americans for the Arts, 2002 * Stimulates and develops the imagination and critical thinking, and refines cognitive and creative skills. * Has a tremendous impact on the developmental growth of every child and has proven to help level the tuition field across socio-economic boundaries. * Strengthens problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, adding to overall academic achievement and school success. Develops a reek of craftsmanship, quality task capital punishment, and goal-settingskills needed to succeed in the classroom and beyond. * Teaches children life skills such as developing an informed perception articulating a vision learning to solve problems and make decisions building self-confidence and self-discipline developing the ability to imagine what might be and accepting responsibility to complete task s from start to finish. * Nurtures key values, including team-building skills respecting alternative viewpoints and appreciating and being awargon of different cultures and traditions.SourceYoung Children and the Arts Making Creative Connections, 1998, Introduction * Plays a central role in cognitive, motor, language, and social-emotional development. * Motivates and takes children in learning, stimulates memory, facilitates understanding, conjures symbolic communication, promotes relationships, and provides an avenue for building competence. * Provides a natural source of learning. Child development specialists note that play is the business of young children play is the way children promote and enhance their development.The liberal humanistic discipline are a close natural vehicle for play. The Need in Preschools Source Americans for the Arts, 2002 * Preschool care and education, except for certain low-income programs, is considered a private helping and receives little or no federal funding. * While the importance of early childhood arts education has received greater attention in youthful years, the majority of funding and programming is directed to grades K12, with preschools being largely underserved. * Arts education should not be considered a frill, but a necessity.Since preschools are not part of the public school system, funding sources vary greatly. When budgets are tight, arts programs, teachers, and supplies are often cut first. * More than four million children copy preschool programs nationwide. Source Arts Education Partnership,Childrens Learning & the Arts Birth to Age Eight * Preschool-age children are primed for learning and greatly accepting of most art forms. * Compelling evidence exists that early arts experience has an impact on all aspects of a childs learning and development and that, in many ways, earlier is better. * Early childhood thus presents both a unique opportunity and a unique quarrel a part of that challenge is to engage and support all who care for and educate young children in making the arts an integrated and vital part of their earliest experiences. * We know that art, soundless as spontaneous creative play, is what young children naturally dosinging, dancing, drawing, and role-playing. We also know that the arts engage all the senses and involve a variety of modalities including the kinesthetic, auditory, and visual.When caregivers engage and encourage children in arts activities on a regular basis from early in life, they are laying the foundation forand even helping fit out childrens brains forsuccessful learning. Adults Agree on Importance of Arts Education Source Americans for the Arts national public opinion survey, January 2001 * Ninety-one percent of respondents see the arts are vital to a well-rounded education. * Ninety-five percent of respondents believe the arts teach intangibles such as creativity, self-expression, and individualism. Seventy-six percent of respondents some what or strongly agree that arts education is important enough to get personally involved. However, just thirty-five percent of those who are closely involved in the life of a child have done so. * Sixty-seven percent say they do not know how to get involved. * Eighty-nine percent of respondents believe that arts education is important enough that schools should find the money to ensure inclusion in the curriculum. * Ninety-six percent agree the arts belong to everyone, not just the fortunate or privileged.The Social and Academic Impact of Arts Education Source Eisner, E. W. ,Ten Lessons the Arts Teach, (January 1998) * Art is defined as something aesthetic to the senses. A work of art is both an activity and a result it is a noun and a verb. One of the great aims of education is to make it possible for heap to be engaged in the process of creating themselves. Artists and scientists are alike in this respect. * Arts curricula is typically process-driven and relationship based, so its impact on academic performance is often underestimated and undervalued.The arts provide a logical counterbalance to the trend of standardized testing and should not be marginalized just because the curriculum is more exhausting to measure. * The emphasis and time given to a particular school subject sends a message to students about how important that subject is in life. * Arts programs, particularly those including trained professionals, can help draw students out of formal ways of approaching relationships, outcomes, and perceptions. The arts can play a crucial role in improving students abilities to learn, because they draw on a range of intelligences and learning styles, not just the linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences upon which most schools are based. (Eloquent Evidence Arts at the core of Learning,Presidents Committee on the Arts and Humanities, talking about Howard GardenersTheory of Multiple Intelligences, 1995) The Physical and Sensory Impact of Arts Education A student making music experiences the simultaneous engagement of senses, muscles, and intellect.Brain scans taken during musical performances show that virtually the entire cerebral cortex is quick while musicians are playing. (Learning and the Arts Crossing Boundaries, 2000, p. 14) Dramatic play, rhyming games, and songs are some of the language-rich activities that build pre-reading skills. (Young Children and the Arts Making Creative Connection, 1998, p. 1) Preschoolers who were given music keyboard lessons ameliorate their spatial-temporal reasoningused for understanding relationships between objects such as calculating a proportion or playing chess. (Education Leadership, November, 1998, p. 8) Creative activity is also a source of joy and wonder, while it bids its students to touch, taste, hear, and see the world. Children are powerfully affected by storytelling, music, dance, and the visual arts. They often construct their understanding of the world around mus ical games, imaginative dramas and drawing. (Hamblen, Karen A. ,Theories and Research That Support Art Instruction for Instrumental Outcomes, 1993) Regular, frequent instruction in drama and sign language created higher scores in language development for Head Start students than for a control group. (Young Children and the Arts Making Creative Connections,1998, p. 1) Listening to music for just an hour a solar day changes brain organizationEEG results showed greater brain coherence and more time spent in the alpha state. (Malyarenko, et al. , 1996) Art Experiences that Promote Preschool Learning SourceYoung Children and the Arts Making Creative Connections, 1998, pp. 1112 * Dance helps build motor control, body relationships, and a sense of direction. Drawing, sculpting, and other visual arts develop spatial acuity. * Group activities, such as learning dance steps or singing songs, build social skills. * As children describe hatful and things in their world using pictures, body movements, and mime, they enhance their descriptive, nonverbal, cognitive capabilities. * Repeating stories, poems, and songs strengthens memory. * The art supplies children choose for their work reflects their approach to process and outcomes.

Human Nature: a Contested Concept Essay

Are we inherently honorable or bad? Are we driven by reason or emotions? Are we selfish or unselfish? Is the homophile mind malleable or incline? These questions ar highly contested and the answers to them far from clear. This is due not only to the array of different perspectives on gay being record, but also to seemingly contradictory evidence. We choose only scratch the surface of history to induce confirmation that salmagundi-heartedkind is capable of flimsy cruelty and violence. In Ancient Rome, for example, entertainment was provided by forcing people to fight animals and other merciful beings often to the death.If this seems barbaric in the extreme, we thankfully also find tales of tremendous bravery and what would seem to be altruism. Today, unsung heroes risk their lives every day to save those of complete strangers. In short, the picture is a mixed star We seem to be part angel, part demon, part judicious, part animal, capable of great glory and great trag edy. 1 Indeed, the notion that human beings ar part angel, part demon echoes Aristotles (384-322 BCE) conclusion that he who is content with his solitude must be Either a beast or a idol.2 Whether we argon by constitution good or bad is a central question in the flip on human personality. Philosophical as well as religious and spiritual traditions fetch answered the question in different ways. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) believed that humankind is driven by the petulances or instincts linked to self-preservation. 3 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), by contrast, walld that human beings ar by disposition good and that any vices that they whitethorn entertain atomic number 18 attributable to the corrupting crop of society. What makes human beings distinctly human is their capacity for reason.In the Old Testament, humankind is portrayed as created in the image of God and, thus, inherently good. However, both Jews and Christians be in agreement that human beings fell from gr ace by failing to refrain from eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, which remaining them adrift, alienated from God and in need of salvation. 4 12 NAYEF R. F. AL-RODHAN Another question that recurs in wrangleions most human spirit is whether we are driven by emotions or rational thought. A major concern here is whether reason plays a economic consumption in our virtuous judgements.If so, do we engage in conscious reasoning in advance pronouncing a judgement or after the fact? David Hume (1711-1776) was the first modern philosopher to argue that we make moral judgements on the basis of emotional responses to situations or scenarios. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) held a different opinion. He argued that we make moral judgements through a process of conscious reasoning. 5 In Kants thinking, the evolution of humanity had followed a overture from being motivated by animal instincts to being driven by reason. For Aristotle, too, human beings are capable of living a go od life by employing reason.Plato (427-347 BCE) held that human beings are driven by both passion and reason. How can we reconcile these seemingly contradictory faculties? Those who place greater emphasis on passion and survival instincts, such as fear, greed and sympathy, regard our biological heritage as more important than the environment in which we grow up, whereas those who give greater priority to our capacity for reason tend to attribute greater significance to culture and education or innate capacity those things in the social foundation that shape the way we think and behave.Whether we are primarily motivated by basic survival instincts or by the environment is central to conflicting views on the question of free volition and determinism. The question of how free humanity is to change its nature appears time and again in discussions. According to John Locke (1632-1704), people are free to conduct themselves in accordance with the laws of nature. In this view, nurture is more important than nature in shaping our behaviour. As is mentioned above, Plato occupied the middle ground.darn human beings were believed to be the product of their biological heritage, the environment was thought to play a predominant role in influencing behaviour. Existentialists, such as Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) argued that human beings have a radical free provide according to Sartre, Man is condemned to be free. 6 At the other end of the spectrum, Hobbes holds that it is nature that is the driving force. 7 Others would argue, however, that although we whitethorn feel as though we are endowedwith free will, this is illusory. Proponents of this position argue that because our desires and reactions are not always something that we can control, we cannot be considered in truth free. Sigmund Freuds (1856- EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM 13 1939) system of pansexuality holds, for instance, that while people may thi nk that they are making conscious choices, they are driven by subconscious motives. 8 Sociobiologists, such as, for example, E. O. Wilson regard human beings as products of evolution.9 This distinction is important if we are radically free to choose, we ought to be fully assured of what we are doing. However, if our patrimonialal heritage shapes our mind and behaviour we ought to take this into consideration. 10 How we answer the above questions determines how we answer whether humankind is capable of moral behaviour. In this context, moral behaviour is defined as behaviour consistent with a system of rules of correct conduct. Does true altruism exist or is all altruism base on self-interest? According to Hobbes, human beings are egoists, incapable of acting altruistically.This view would appear to be consistent with situations such as a mug that takes place in broad daylight where bystanders look on but fail to intervene. This fundamental question has elicited different respons es. For Kant, morality is the effect of reason. evolutionary approaches to human psychology and behaviour provide a very different answer. Altruism presents the Darwinian theory of natural selection with a problem, given that this theory is premised on the pressures of competition. Acts of altruism would appear to have no obvious advantage.Prairie dogs, for example, warn others of approaching danger by calling to them, thereby alerting a predator to their own presence and placing themselves at greater risk. 11 How is it possible to watch on television a group of young men being move up and summarily shot in the back of the head and take no direct action to bring genocide to a halt? near sociobiologists, such as Wilson and Frans de Waal, argue that morality has developed from our social instincts. 12 Some evolutionary psychologists, such as Marc Hauser, have gone so far as to argue that human beings have evolved an innate moral instinct.13 This is interesting because it suggests that some basic moral criteria must be universal crosswise divergent cultures. Yet, it also raises the question of whether, or the extent to which, human beings are deliberating moral agents. 14 1. 1. The Structure and Aims of the Book This book sets go forth to do cardinal things first, it strives to reach an downstairsstanding of human nature, which ultimately offers the promise of liv- 14 NAYEF R. F. AL-RODHAN ing a good life. Specifically, I ask the following questions What motivates humankind?What is humankind capable of under certain circumstances? Do human beings possess an innate morality? In so doing, I engage with common points of reference in the debate on human nature. Drawing on insights from philosophy, psychology, sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, I put forward a more comprehensive view of human nature. However, discussions of human nature would be incomplete without considering the findings of neuroscience. I therefore use recent research in this rapidly d eveloping field to go beyond the approaches to human nature in the above disciplines.Second, this book explores some of the global and certification implications of human nature as I conceive it. The way in which we approach security issues inevitably contains assumptions about what motivates human beings in particular circumstances, and how we attempt to address these issues is circumscribed by those assumptions. It is essential that we get these assumptions right. The cost of getting them wrong is stipendiary in lives. I therefore set out some ways in which we might better facilitate political and moral cooperation, based on our present knowledge of the neuro-psychological impact of our neurochemistry.In order to set the context for my own theory and to give the reader a sense of the main conceptions that settle thinking on the question of what makes us what we are, we begin by exploring some major theories of human nature. The book first sets out the main approaches to human n ature. I refer to theories of human nature in a broad sense that includes philosophical, religious and spiritual, psychological and evolutionary approaches. Here, the main contours of the debate on human nature are human beings good or bad, driven by passion or reason, constrained or radically free, moral or immoral are addressed in greater compass point.I then present my own theory of human nature, which I call Emotional Amoral Egoism. I argue that the human mind is not a tabula rasa, or a clean slate, as Locke suggested. Instead, the human mind is what I call a predisposed tabula rasa, with predilections stemming from its genetic make-up that later will be influenced by the environment. gentlemankinds genetic make-up is essentially a code for survival. Survival instincts are emotionally based and neurochemically mediated. I therefore take issue with those who argue that human beings are primarily motivated by reason.This does not, however, mean EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM 15 that we should favour nature over nurture in the nature/nurture debate, or that we should conceive of human beings as prisoners of their passions. Even though we are in part motivated by our basic survival instincts, our environment which broadly comprises our personal asseverate of affairs, upbringing, education, and societal, cultural and global state of affairs plays an important role in shaping our psyche and behaviour. Moreover, what distinguishes humankind from other species is our capacity for reason.We are therefore driven by both basic survival instincts and rational thought, although, alas, little frequently by the latter than we might comparable to imagine. As is indicated, whether human beings are inherently selfish or capable of altruism is hotly contested. In my view, humankind is neither always moral nor always immoral, but can be either at different times. Human nature is governed by everyday self-interest and acted by genetic predisposition, which implies that the re are likely to be limits to our moral sensitivities. In my view, altruism is in the final analysis driven by survival motives that are emotionally based.In this sense, my approach supports Humes thesis. Recent neuroscientific findings confirm that we are primarily driven by our emotions rather than reason. Yet, since the human psyche and human behaviour are also the product of the environment, under the right circumstances and with deliberate effort, we are capable of acting chastely, beyond the margins of what our genetic coding has primed us for. In addition to considering who we are, I also briefly consider where we are going. Here, I look at how we can and are likely to be able to modify our psychological and physiological profile through biological and proficient means.At some point in the future, we may have to oversee with the line between the human as a product of nature and the human as a fabrication of technology. 15 Not surprisingly, this has generated heated debate. What distinguishes modern technology from all other types, both pre-modern and non-Western, is its exclusive focus on the perfection of technical procedures and processes that had historically been subordinate to technological norms and standards, usually of a moral, political, and religious nature.16 Will technological advances alter what it means to be human? Box 1 provides a summary of my command theory of human nature, Emotional Amoral Egoism, and briefly outlines some of its universal security implications. 16 NAYEF R. F. AL-RODHAN Box 1 Summary of Emotional Amoral Egoism A Neurophilosophical possibleness of Human Nature and its Universal Security Implications The enduring assumption that human behaviour is governed by innate morality and reason is at odds with the assiduity of human deprivation, inequality, injustice, misery, brutality and conflict.In my theory of human nature, which I have termed Emotional Amoral Egoism, I argue that human behaviour is governed primarily by emotional self-interest focused initially on survival and, once achieved, domination. These facets of human nature are a product of genetically coded survival instincts modified by the totality of our environment and expressed as neurochemically-mediated emotions and actions. Reason, reflection and conscious morality are comparatively rare.The human mind is therefore a predisposed tabula rasa, resulting from both an in-built genetic code for survival and the environment. In my view, most human beings are innately neither moral nor immoral but rather amoral. They are driven by emotional self-interest and have the potential to be either moral or immoral, depending on what their self-interest dictates, and will be influenced in their choices by emotions and socio-cultural contexts. Circumstances will determine the survival value of humankinds moral compass in that being highly moral in an immoral environment may be detrimental to ones survival and vice versa.Indeed, our neuronal ar chitecture is pre-programmed to seek gratification and feel good regardless of the reason. All apparently altruistic behaviour serves self-interest at some level. This insight has profound implications for the re-ordering of governing mechanisms at all levels with a sloshed emphasis on the role of society and the global system in maximising the benefits of what I term measured self-interest, while minimising its excesses, because human beings cannot be left to their own devices to do the right thing.Such reform offers the best chance of facilitating political and moral cooperation through the establishment of stringent normative frameworks and governance structures, that best fulfil the potential of human beings to exist and evolve in peace, security, prosperity and possible serenity. Further, humanity must never be complacent about the virtues of human nature. Therefore, everything must be done at all levels to prevent EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM 17 Box 1 continued alienation, inequa lity, deprivation, fear, injustice, anarchy and the tone ending of the rule of law.History has shown repeatedly that humankind is capable of unthinkable brutality and injustice. This is often a result of what I call fear(survival)-induced pre-emptive aggression, which may occur no matter how calm the situation appears, although it is not necessarily inevitable. Moreover, where there is injustice that is perceived as posing a threat to survival, humankind will do whatever necessary to survive and be free. In such instances, might (military or otherwise) may not prevail or be the optimal solution. Human nature as we know it is, nevertheless, malleable and manageable.It may be radically modified as a result of advances in bio-, molecular, nano- and computational technologies. It will therefore be essential to establish a clear code of ethics regulating the use of these technologies sooner rather than later. In 5 to 5. 6, I discuss some of the global and security implications of my the ory of human nature. This final part of the book first explores how prominent approaches to International Relations (IR) conceive of human nature and then outlines how my own theory may be situated in relation to them.I explain that my proposed general theory of human nature collapses the nature/nurture and free will/constrained dichotomies that tend to characterise the conceptions of human nature that inform major IR theories. I then discuss the relevance of my own conception of human nature to a number of issues identity construction and globalisation, xenophobia and ethnocentrism, ethnic conflict, moral cosmopolitanism and governance structures.In the era of globalisation, the multinationalisation of fruit and finance, as well as the development and spread of new technologies, have tendinged to bring about changes in collective identities and inter-civilisational relations. There is a growing version between major collective identities and traditional political and cultural b oundaries. 17 Since a main driver of human behaviour is ego understood as that which negotiates between inner needs and social contexts, making humankind require a irresponsible identity and a sense of buy the farming this development has a number of implications.If ego may be considered to be a basic human need,18 then cultural disorientation is likely to negatively affect the human condi- 18 NAYEF R. F. AL-RODHAN tion and human security at various levels. While wide-reaching cultural change as part of globalisation is having positive effects in call of increased exposure to and awareness of other cultures, as well as better access to knowledge, thereby bringing about a greater power point of interconnectedness, the cultural dimension of globalisation is sometimes perceived as generating cultural homogenisation.In the latter case, people may feel that their traditional culture is in danger of being eroded. Since fear is another central and very powerful driver of human behavi our, responses may take the form of intolerance, xenophobia and extremism. It is therefore important to view the needs for belonging and a positive identity as basic human needs, and to develop appropriate policies and institutional structures to ensure that these needs are met. At the state level, for instance, this means promoting an comprehensive society that is underpinned by institutions that make effective representation possible.Globalising processes are also affecting and politicising intercivilisational relations. The increased dispersion of people from divers(prenominal) cultural contexts, instant connectivity due to new technologies, and the existence of economic and political inequalities mean that issues can be transnationalised more easily than in the past. Some issues may be perceived as an act of aggression against collective identities that define themselves as part of a broader civilisation. This can cause inter-civilisational tension and provide ammo for those who wish to exploit such fears for their own purposes.Changes in the global political and economic environment in the past few decades have also resulted in new waves of migration as people seek employment and greater opportunities outside their home country. In some regions of the world, the presence of newcomers has generated negative reactions from some factions in society. ikon to negative stereotyping in the mass media, for example, may increase public support for policies targeted at minority groups in societies and for discrimination against them, which may be subtle or involve physical violence.In Europe, migration has been securitised (i. e. , raised to the level of a security issue) since the mid-1980s, when migration became subsumed in a broader security continuum including other issues such as terrorism and transnational organised crime. The securitisation of migration is sometimes accompanied by xenophobia. Those exposed to xenophobia suffer from a reduction in securit y and do not enjoy a positive identity, at least in terms of the way in which EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM 19 others define them. This means that a basic human need goes unmet, again with potentially avoidable consequences.19 Understanding the central dimensions of human nature may contribute to responses to migration that do not feed xenophobic reactions in society. Both the environment and our genetic coding are implicated in xenophobic reactions. Evolutionary approaches to human nature would attribute xenophobia to how we evolved from our ancestors. The argument is that human beings, like animals, have a tendency to be hostile towards strangers. Some argue that xenophobia may be something that people have developed to protect themselves against transmittable disease.A stranger might also represent a threat to a place or hierarchy and, therefore, be treated with hostility and suspicion. In both instances, fear of strangers may allow individuals and groups to thrive genetically. While t he emphasis here is on genetics, culture is nonetheless recognised as influencing this genetic predisposition. 20 If we are better equipped to comprehend the drivers of human nature, we might also stand a better chance of preventing and alleviating conflict. Ethnic conflict, for example, is often perceived as the result of timeless hatreds.Viewed in this way, there is little that can be done to alleviate its causes. Preventing ethnic conflict from occurring may seem an impossible task. Thus, considering purely biological factors in a narrow way limits the degree of the possible. While humankind may be weighed down by its biological heritage, and we should not dismiss this out of hand, the environment has an important impact on the human psyche and human behaviour. Fortunately, we are capable of influencing the environment and, therefore, conflict.If we recognise that both our genetic predilections and the environment affect how and whether tension degenerates into violent conflict, we may be able to develop policies to prevent this from happening. A better understanding of human nature may also help humankind to labor cooperation and moral behaviour at the global level. For centuries, politics has been shaped by the concept of state sovereignty, and allegiance to the political unit of the state has been shaped by nationalism. Today, however, national borders are more porous and, for many people, allegiances are not limited to the state.Globalisation is creating a transnational social spot. 21 Increased human mobility and interconnectedness mean that many people have to negotiate between multiple identities. The global society that is emerging is calm of great diversity and greater inequality, which 20 NAYEF R. F. AL-RODHAN makes mutual recognition and respect imperative. Moreover, international norms have evolved in such a way that requires moral cosmopolitanism, which assumes that individuals belong to a single moral community. Yet, all too often, there app ears to be a disparity between the moral principles we have developed and what we actually do.biologically inherited behavioural traits may play a role in explaining this apparent gap. 22 We need to find a normative arrangement that will better equip us to address together political, socio-economic and cultural issues. One of the difficulties that evolutionary theories highlight is the difficulty that we may have in acting morally towards distant others. This is by no means to suggest that we wish to justify peoples indifference to difference or the challenges to acting altruistically towards others with whom they have no direct contact.Culture may be able to cultivate a more altruistic attitude towards strangers, which is essential if we are to respect the gravitas of others. If, as sociobiologists suggest, there may be limits to our moral sensitivities, then it is important to know about this because it will require a deliberate effort to promote moral cosmopolitanism, rather tha n assuming that we can rely on individuals to behave in an ethical way. We need to find a common basis on which we can cooperate.Since the human brain is quite malleable, public policies and governance structures can influence the human condition and, as a result, the likelihood of insecurity and instability. What kind of governance structure would be required to enable humanity to prosper and to enhance global stability? Since our survival instincts inform a great deal of our behaviour, it is essential that peoples human rights are vigorously upheld. While there is a general consensus that human beings should not be subjected to torture or degrading treatment, basic human rights ought to extend to basic needs such as shelter and food.This means that human security, which is defined as the freedom from necessitate and fear, ought to be promoted at all levels. Political processes and structures should be inclusive. Multilateral institutions, for example, ought to be more representat ive so that the evolution of the global order is the result of an inclusive and collective effort. Chapter 6 offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of Emotional Amoral Egoism and makes some policy recommendations based on my general theory of human nature and my specific theory of human motivation contained therein.Some may object to the claims that I make in the text. They may, for a variety of reasons (i. e. , upbringing, experience, education) EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM 21 see themselves or others as more rational, or more moral than my conception of human nature allows. However, my theory is intended to apply to the majority of human beings, not the minority. I have also kept the discussion of neuroscientific and philosophical issues general in order to avoid overwhelming the reader with technical detail and nomenclatures.

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs Jenita Magdalena, 1106053256 FIK UI 2011 Drugs ar not a old(prenominal) problem in the ears of the people of Indonesia today. Especially in the ears of young people. Why? Because many young people in Indonesia now felt into drugs. And tragically, this is no longer just a problem in big cities and, but now also been expanded to rural areas. This is because drug addicts today are not only the wearer, but also as a dealer. The easier access to get drugs must be one of the factor.With the above explanation, it is clear that the drugs problem undermines the futurity of Indonesias young generation. there are many reasons that many people -especially young people- using drugs. There reasons are media, curiosity, lack of proper family guidence, and the factor of friends. The reasons were not the absolute reason. There are still many other factors, but the above factors are a common factor in todays society. It helps us to better identify the factors a bove as an initial step spread of drugs prevention. The first reason of someone falling into the circle of drugs is the media factor.Along with the development of todays technology, people become very dependent on technology such as mobile phones, television, radio, and internet. Thus the routine of the media becomes very important in a persons psychological development. People who are too often witnessed the craze in movies or the internet, believed to be more aggressive. As same as the drugs problem. Someone who often witnessed how drug users or drugs used, were also likely to fall into drugs. Therefore, the sensors could be reducing the scenes of drug use as one of the major steps in drugs prevention.Besides the media, of course, is the major causative factor is high curiosity and want to decide drugs. Because someone who has seen drug users in film, television, and internet, will appear curious and wanted to try drugs. They are not know, by trying the drugs it will be rugge d for them to escape from the drugs. Because the drugs is one type of substance that would cause the addiction for the wearer. Lack of proper guidance of the family can also be an important factor in causing a child got into drugs. Parents should act as educators in the family, should be a good example for children.So that children can imitate the good behavior of their parents. ground on research, a child who was raised by parents who become drug addicts, most likely the child will also become addicted to drugs later. Thus, the role of parents can be an important one of the psychological development of children. And the final factor that is not less important is the factor of friends. Often, playmates who use drugs will take up other friends to come to feel or using drugs. And usually, someone who offered his friend to use drugs will be easy to take drugs.Thats because a sense of solidarity and friendly relationship is strong, so people are cant reject his captives. Of course as we all know, once someone has tried to feel the drugs, it will be difficult to him to get out of the bondage of drugs. Thus by knowing the factors that cause someone to fall into the drugs, we expected to take reasonable precautions against those around us. So that step by step spread of the drugs will be reduced in this country. And of course our hope is with the reduced network with drugs in this country is Indonesias future will be bright, because the future of Indonesia is in the hands of youth.

The Wadia vs Wadia

10 corporate battles to remember Wadia vs Wadia and Goenka Nusli Wadia (left) has been called a corporate samurai. His battles with Dhirubhai Ambani and Rajan Pillai ar legendary. His first corporate brawl was a curious case, given who one of his opponents was his experience father. Neville Wadia had decided, in 1971, to sell Bombay Dyeing Ltd to take-over tycoon R. P. Goenka (right). A young Nusli Wadia refused to brook the deal. He had his back to the wall, yet fought back fiercely by getting the rest of the family, the unions and even J. R. D.Tata to thwart the deal, showing untimely signs of a rare skill to lobby and win allies in a tough battle. This is one of the few instances when Goenka lost a coup battle. HP Nanda vs Swraj Paul In the early 1980s, with the tacit support of the then Congress disposal, Swraj Paul (right), a non-resident Indian, launched an aggressive takeover bid for Escorts Ltd. The latters promoter H. P. Nanda (left) put up a fight, but faced a backla sh from the government that asked financial institutions with a stake in Escorts to support Paul, and launched a series of tax investigations.Nanda hung on, and in 1984, the courts rule in his favour. ITC vs BAT In 1996, British American Tobacco Industries Plc (BAT), the single largest shareholder in ITC Ltd, and led by Martin Broughton (right), made a play for project of the Indian company. But ITC, under K. L. Chugh (left), was able to convince the Indian government the fight was between a strong, well-managed and board-run Indian company and a predatory multinational. Government- possess institutions with a stake in ITC helped avert the threat. The Birlas vs Lodha Priyamvada Birla(left), widow of M.P. Birla, died childless in July 2004, leaving all her assets, valued at Rs3,000-5,000 crore, to Rajendra Singh Lodha (right), the MP Birla collections auditor. When the Birla family came to know intimately her will, they opposed it, saying she could not have left her assets to an outsider. The Birlas claimed in court that Priyamvada Birla and her husband had earlier written an irrevocable mutual will in which they verbalise all their assets would go to charity. Various cases are being fought between the Birlas and Harsh Vardhan Lodha, R.S. Lodhas son, who is now MP Birla group chairman. R. S. Lodha died in October 2008 after a cardiac arrest at B. K. Birlas flat in London. Harsh Vardhan Lodha has yet not secured probate of Priyamvada Birlas will, but heads the group with the support of directors of holding companies that own controlling stakes in MP Birla group firms. Nusli Wadia vs Dhirubhai Ambani PTA and DMT are innocuous abbreviations for two chemicals used to produce polyester. Together they reacted to create a national salvo in the 1980s.Reliance Industries Ltd run by Dhirubhai Ambani (right) and Bombay Dyeing Ltd led by Nusli Wadia (left) were stiff competitors in the polyester market, with the former using PTA and the latter DMT as the main input. Those were the days when the government had a say in technology choices, so what ensued was a bitter lobbying war that eventually led to a political crisis for the Rajiv Gandhi government in advanced Delhi and a murder investigation in Mumbai. Vijay Mallya vs Manu Chhabria photograph India Today Vijay Mallyas corporate spat with the late NRI raider Manu Chhabria (right) was an epic one, lasting nearly 20 years.It all began in 1984, when a then unknown Chhabria made a hostile bid for liquor major Shaw Wallace and Co. (SWC). Mallya (left) claimed the bid was actually made conjointly by an offshore firm in which he was a partner, while Chhabria disputed that and eventually gained ownership of SWC. A legal battle raged for years in Hong Kong, during which Mallya also partnered Chhabrias estranged brother, Kishore, and kept up the pressure for getting what he believed rightly belonged to him.It wasnt until March 2005 that the battle came to an end with Mallya finally acquiring a contro lling interest in SWC from the Chhabria family, three years after Manu Chhabria died at 56. Ratan Tata vs The Tata satraps In 1991, Ratan Tata (left) inherited a business group that was run by a confederation of ageing satraps under the benign control of J. R. D. Tata. The Tata scion wanted tighter control over the companies in the sprawling empire, and that led to a showdown with the likes of Russi Mody (right), Darbari Seth and Ajit Kerkar, all men of considerable achievement but resistant to change.The younger Tata did not have a very successful bounce back record till then but he eventually took control and transformed the Tata group, making it the ambitiously global and relentlessly innovative group that it is today. Wadia vs Rajan Pillai Photo India Today Nusli Wadias battle to acquire Britannia Industries Ltd made the headlines in the late 1980s, when he first tried to buy biscuit maker Britannia, then owned by US giant RJR Nabisco Inc. Wadia (left) first met the Nabisco bra ss through a friend, NRI cashew trader K.Rajan Pillai (right), in the late 1980s. But Nabisco changed its mind about selling to Wadia and appointed Pillai chairman of Britannia. This turned the two one-time friends into foes. Soon Pillai acquired Britannia and partnered with French food company, Danone SA. Then the French company fell out with Pillai, accusing him of fraud, and instead level(p) up with Wadia. After a bitter boardroom battle, Pillai was ousted and Wadia eventually took over Britannia in the early 1990s. Pillai later died in custody in an Indian jail.L&T vs RIL In the late 1980s, Larsen and Toubro Ltd (L&T) chairman N. M. Desai, discovering that Manu Chhabria (right) had acquired a stake in the firm, presumably to launch a hostile bid, got Reliance Industries Ltds (RIL) Dhiru-bhai Ambani (left) to buy a larger stake and come in as a white knight. Ambani had designs of his own and became chairman with the support of the Congress government that asked financial instit utions with stakes in L&T to back him. RILs plan was thwarted when the Congress lost power in 1989.RIL sold its stake in the early 2000s to the Aditya Birla group, triggering another takeover battle that ended with L&T selling its cement business to the group. Bajaj vs Bajaj In 2001, Kushagra Bajaj convinced his father Shishir Bajaj (left) to ask the Bajaj clan to transfer to them the two companies they managed, a sugar producer and a consumer products maker. The Bajajs, Shishirs brother Rahul (right) as well as cousins Madhur, Shekhar and Niraj, initially demurred. They eventually agreed, but not before dirty linen had been washed in public.

Balance And Stability

A true athlete develops his entire body to compete with the very(prenominal) best in his sport. He trains both his mind and body to achieve his goals. His mind should be able to handle the pressure and stress that are involved in his competitive sport. He mustiness be emotion to marvellousyy receive to compete in his sport oppositewise, hell lose or fair far below his expectations. His body should in like manner be able to act and pit in the right manner. The mental, ablaze and physical aspects of his game must altogether come together as one.Whether an athlete is a backstop in baseball, a spunk in basketball, or a quick-running positionman in Ameri heap football, he must perfectly develop all his faculties to achieve an higher(prenominal) up bonnie level of rest period and stableness in his sport. Athletes should pay more attention to end and stability beca utilise these factors are extremely critical in the success of their goals. The harm remainder and stability m ay seem to cede the identical meaning, but they dont (Carr, 2007, p. 89). These terms however, are very more than related to each other. counter equilibrate and stability dont always go together.Depending on the sport, an athlete may have more balance and less stability or none at all and vice versa. some(prenominal) of these factors are necessary in almost all physical sports though because athletes have to constantly come across their bodies turn staying on the ground. poise is a souls ability to get rid of forces that ruin the level(p)ness or equilibrium of things. close all people have balance to some degree. Young and old people use balance to stay on their feet while theyre walking, running or hopping. Balance is also used in other sweats, such as when a person tiptoes or dances a complex routine.Maintaining ones balance gets harder as the person adventures obstacles in his path. For example, a running abide maintains excellent balance while he pierces the defens e of the opposing team. In basketball, a point guard also displays above average balancing skills as he dribbles the ball around musicians guarding the basket (Carr, 2007, p. 89). There are many levels of balance. Not all people have the same level of balance. Athletes typically have greater balance than normal people because they arduously train to improve it. The concept of balance has been used in variant sports for a very long period of time.As Sprunt (2000) and others noted, the term off-balance is also widely used in different types of sports. Thus, a basketball actor may be said to have been caught off-balance if he loses his footing as he scrambles for the ball. Generally, it is not good to lose your balance in any kind of sport (Sprunt, 2000, p. 63). Balance itself is related to another eventful factor in executing movement stability. Stability is the ability to maintain a persons balance while encountering things that ruin that balance. To put it another way, stability is how balanced a person is.Different athletes have different tactics that increase the level of their stability as they encounter forces that may be going against them. According to Foran, athletes typically face gloom, air resistance and friction when performing in sports (Foran, 2001, p. 119). For this reason, some athletes train hard to jaw their stability to the level of being as steady as a rock. Sports shows typically have play by play slow-motions that showcase moving stability by players of different sports. For instance, stability is clearly shown on highlights of football plays.A football player displays excellent balance when he reaches out for the ball whizzing through the air. He jumps high using a single leg and lands gracefully on the same leg. However, that excellent balance may be disrupted by a rampaging opponent that slams into him as hes floating above the ground or standing on one leg. After the dust clears, youll usually see the other player down on the gro und because he traded stability for balance. Compare the previous example of a 300 pound lineman with his body arched and his shopping center of gravity positioned low.This athlete can receive the hammering force of a 400 pound lineman, pushing him to get out of the way. The athlete does not downfall to his knees, spread-eagle on the ground because his stability is way off the charts. If the lineman is really stable, he may even have the ability to push back his opponent or ram his way through the defense, sending him crawling on the ground. In this case, his opponent is the one that lacks stability and so he pays in a heartfelt way for it (Foran, 2001, p. 119). Also, stability may be harder to maintain if forces are coming from many different directions.A lineman may be able to defend against the opponent right off in front of him, but he may not fare as easily if the opponent comes from his left, right or back. Its still possible to set aside a great level of stability howeve r, if the athletes position is correct and if he has the right body to counter massive objects thats coming at him from different directions. Almost all kinds of physical sports showcase balance and stability. Sports like baseball and basketball are no different because athletes continuously move their bodies in these sports.As Thompson and Baldwin (2007) observed, athletes in these sports and others must do various drills to improve their balance. They must train their core muscle groups to have the excellent level of balance and stability that their sports require (Thompson and Baldwin, 2007, p. 369). In baseball, balance and stability are shown in the role of the catcher who tries to catch baseballs sent flying by the pitcher. In basketball, balance and stability are exemplified by huge, tall centers or post players that play near the basket.It is of import to note that these sports are played very differently but both of them require superb balance and stability nonetheless. F irst, the baseball catcher has to have great physical attributes such as fast feet and hands, mighty arms and excellent balance and stability. He spends much of his time on the baseball field crouching and anticipating the ball that the pitcher will throw. His weight is distributed on his heels. He bends his knees so that his upper leg is correspond to the ground. Youll also notice that his backside is positioned close to his heels.His back must not curve and shoulder blades must be positioned a little bit retrospective to give him more stability. To further increase stability, he must hold his head up high and he must hold out his glove. This unique(p) crouching position is supported by the baseball catchers amazing balance and stability (Thompson and Baldwin, 2007, p. 369). The baseball player in the previous example shows linearity in his balance and stability. Remember that balance is a persons ability to get rid of forces that ruin the evenness or equilibrium of things.Compa re this to stability which refers to the level at which a person can maintain his balance while encountering things that may ruin it. Simply put, linear stability occurs when you are able to resist an object that tries to move you. In the previous example, the catchers stability is put to the test when tries to stop a ball thats flying toward him at 80 or 90 mph (Thompson and Baldwin, 2007, p. 369). Stability that is ground on linear movement is influenced by the mass of the moving object that carries force and the object that tries to stop that force.The moving object here is the ball that travel toward the pitcher and may end up in the catchers resisting hands. For many catchers, reaching the optimal stability that is based on linear movement is very easy. baseball game is a tough sport because it requires players to have great balance and stability while maintaining focus on the ball thats flying toward them. The catcher in the previous example must train hard to be able to bl ock bad pitches and throw out branchs who attempt to steal bases. In some cases, the catcher may have to abandon his crouching position to block a bad pitch.This move trades stability for balance to catch the ball. The crouching position shows the three most burning(prenominal) principles of a stable body (Mull, 2005, p. 174). First, the catcher increases his stability by broadening his base. The resulting position is that the catchers feet are wide apart and firmly on the ground. Second, the baseball catcher centralizes his line of gravity by straightening his back and holding his head up high. Third, he crouches with his knees bent to lower his center of gravity, further adding to the stability of his whole body.When all of these positions are combined, the catcher comes up with a stable crouching position that allows him to easily move his whole body when catching a flying ball even when it is outside the normal zone. Stability is also based on an athletes capability to move hi s line of gravity forward, anticipating a fast-approaching force. This type of movement may unbalance him for a short duration of time, but the force of the approaching object might restore him to his previous balance. This is not the case though for a baseball catcher who blocks bad pitches.Even though the ball flies fast toward the catcher, its mass is still little compared to other balls. The catcher then puts his line of gravity directly in front of the approaching ball but quickly restores his balance. He also usually drops to his knees to bring down his center of gravity and increase his stability. Balance and stability can also take each others place in baseball. For example, balance and stability are reversed when a runner steals a base and is challenged by a catcher. The catcher positions his line of gravity directly in front of the fast-approaching force to throw the runner out.Another skill of a baseball catcher is throwing the ball to the base, which consists of applyin g force rather than resisting it. The catcher tends to rise to keep his line of gravity in the center and suspend falling down before throwing the ball. His weight is transferred to the back of his foot as he moves his body backward to throw the ball. There are also cases where the player who throws the ball temporarily moves his center of gravity outside the area where support is strongest. As the ball is thrown, the center of gravity moves from the back of the support area to the center and then to the front.The dynamics of balance and stability can also be seen in the sport of basketball. There was a time when post players were players that are massive and tall. This allowed them to block offensive players that run to the basket. Today, however, post players are not that huge anymore and they have better footwork. They are faster and more agile, so they can keep up with quick short players that have many tricks to necessitate to the basket. While post players of the past and to day are different, they both still use the principles of balance and stability when playing their game.A post player or a center receives huge forces when guarding the basket. This is a prime example of static stability in the face of opposing forces (Moran and McGlynn, 1997, p. 56). Post players from the opposing team constantly push and pull him to get him out of the way. Mass is important in being a post player to have enough balance and stability to withstand those vicious offensive moves. The more massive a player is, the greater is his stability. For example, Shaquille ONeal or Shaq was extremely successful because of his extraordinary mass. There was a time when basketball experts claimed he weighed around 380 lbs.90 percent of that weight consists of muscle tissue and other nonfat tissue. Because of ONeals great mass, other players find it very difficult to break his defense. Offense under the basket is also easy because his defenders righteous seem to bounce off him. His l evel of stability is excellent, which makes him an almost perfect post player. The perfect post player though, is not the perfect basketball player. In fact, a player who has a great mass often finds it difficult to change his direction when moving. In this case, quickness and agility are sacrificed for stability and balance.This is quasi(prenominal) to a rampaging sumo wrestler that gets easily thrown out of the ring when his quick opponent steps to one side. Post players though, typically play within a very short distance from the basket, so their weakness in terms of quickness and agility is hard to exploit. New centers or post players like Yao Ming have less mass but are quicker and more agile. They are less stable because of their small base, but they can change direction quickly, which is utile in guarding against fast players that drive to the basket. Tall players however, may have lesser balance than shorter players because their center of gravity is very high.Youll notice that short players are very balanced even when they are dribbling around a number of defenders because their center of gravity is nearer to the ground. Having a wide base is extremely important in being a post player (Chandler and Brown, 2008, p. 87). For this reason, many post players spend long hours in the gym to build their body and lead their base. If a post players base is not wide enough, hell find it harder to stop offensive attacks coming directly at him from the opposing team. pulley a player with a small base is easy if the post players base is large.Another important factor in being a good post player is the center of gravity. Its always best to lower a players center of gravity to increase his balance and stability. The reason why post players play with knees bent is that they have to widen their base and lower their center of gravity. Its not always best to widen the base and lower your center of gravity though, as the post player will be sacrificing his height. Thi s makes him vulnerable to high-jumping players from the opposing team who can always drive to the basket and jump high against the short post player.A post player may also move his base forward to face the opposing force. despicable the line of gravity forward stabilizes the post player, helping hem to successfully guard the basket. Its not advisable to move the center of gravity too near the front of his base though, because this might result in the player losing his balance. In conclusion, applying balance and stability when playing different sports is important to athletes for them to achieve their goals. Both athletes and coaches should pay more attention to balance and stability to be more successful in their sports.Various sports skills should be honed and trained so the athlete becomes more effective. The physical, mental, and emotional aspects of his game must all come together and become one. While other attributes such as agility and speed are also important in executing different sports skills, balance and stability are very basic in almost all kinds of sports. Without balance and stability, an athlete has a higher chance of failing in his elect sport. He must constantly weigh the pros and cons of developing balance and stability over other attributes.He may also review the tradeoffs between balance and stability because each one presents their own advantages in a sport. Hell be more effective in his chosen sport once he perfects his balance and stability. References Carr, G. (2007). Mechanics of Sport A Practitioners Guide. Detroit, MI gay Kinetics Foran, B. (2001). High-performance Sports Conditioning Modern Training for final Athletic Development. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Sprunt, K. , Kerwin, D. , & Fowler, N. (2000). An Introduction to Sports Mechanics A HomeStudy Pack Providing Sportspeople with an Introduction to the Basic Mechanics of Movement. Coachwise. Thompson, W. , & Baldwin, K. (2007). ACSMs Resources for the Personal Trainer T echniques, Complications, and Management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Moran, G. , & McGlynn, G. (1997). Cross-training for Sports Programs for 26 Sports. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Chandler, T. J. , & Brown, L. (2008). Conditioning for Strength and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mull, R. , Bayless, K. , & Jamieson, L. M. (2005). Recreational Sport Management. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics.

Authoritarian Theory

accord to this hypothesis, mass media, though non under the direct control of the State, had to follow its bidding. Under an Authoritarian go about in Western Europe, freedom of thought was jealously guarded by a few mess (ruling classes), who were concerned with the emergence of a new middle class and were worried about the effects of printed upshot on their thought process. Steps were taken to control the freedom of expression.The result was advocacy of complete dictatorship. The theory promoted zealous obedience to a hierarchical superior and reliance on threat and punishment to those who did not follow the censorship rules or did not respect authority. Censorship of the press was justified on the understanding that the State always took precedence over the individuals right to freedom of expression. Modern com was born in 1450 into an disdainful society.A few essential characteristics of this theory is that the states ranked higher than the individual in the scale of the fond values. Only through subordinating himself to the state can the individuals achieve his goals and develop his attributes as a down citizen or man. As an individual, he can do little, as a member of an organized society, his voltage is enormously increased.This mover not only that the state ranks higher than an individual, but also that the state has a caretaker function and the individual, a dependant status. The press belonged to the King/Emperor/ Pope, or in some cases, to clubby individuals who favored and were favored by royalty and authority. The press was the servant of the state. The world has been witness to authoritarian means of control over media by both dictatorial and democratic governments.

Differences in Business Practices in Islamic Countries Compared to the United States Essay

The purpose of this paper is to give professionals working in Islamic countries a reveal understanding of the concern system in those countries. The Islamic world may be complex as its 1.3 billion people, but in that location is one rule is straightforward for all Westerners and should never be downhearted if you want to do communication channel in this argona.One thing you do not bring up is the Palestinian-Israeli fleck. Advised Samuel L. Hayes III, an expert on Islamic finance and an emeritus professor of investment banking at Harvard Business School. (Lagace, 2002)Business people, particularly Westerners who work in this region of the world or do business with an Islamic business person, need to understand the extent to which religion and Islamic law are intertwined at all levels of society, including commerce, to greater and lesser degrees depending on the country. This law is seen as deriving from direct, divine command. Said Vogel. This is significant to grasp. (Lagace , 2002)Keywords Koran, Islamic Law, Islamic WorldWhen doing business within an Islamic country you must understand the rudimentary tenets of the Islamic religion as it relates to commerce. Knowing this you will have an easier season abroad. Contracts should be fair to all parties. A partnership is preferred over hierarchical claims. (Lagace, 2002)Any type of speculation is prohibited. There is no swordplay. For instance, if you invested in an Islamic mutual fund, among those industries which would be barred from representation as funds would be the gambling industry. But gambling also relates to futures to currency hedging so its a major situation that you have to be aware of (Lagace, 2002) this is also found in the Quran. O you who believe Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing to stones, and divination by arrows are an abomination of Satans playscriptiwork. Eschew such abomination, that you may prosper (Quran 590). matter to is prohibited. Those who devour vigorish will not s tand.Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury. Allah will disrobe usury of all blessing, but will give increase for deeds of charity (Quran 2275-6). O you who believe Devour not usury, doubled and multiplied. But fear Allah, that you may really prosper (Quran 3130) this isnt always practiced, but it is the theory.Compassion is required when a business is in trouble. Those who devour usury cannot stand. That is because they say, trade is only like usury yet Allah has allowed trade and forbidden usury. Allah does not bless usury, and He causes charitable deeds to prosper, and Allah does not love any ungrateful sinner. Oh you who believe Be careful of your duty to Allah and relinquish what remains due from usury, if you are believers. If the debtor is in difficulty, grant him time until it is easy for him to repay. But if you remit it by way of charity, that is best for you if you only knew. Quran 2275-280In conclusion, there are basic rules when dealing in an Islamic country tha t must be followed. Never denotation the Palestinian-Israeli situation. Speak English when making deals this is a status for them to speak English. Send a woman to do a mans job. Appreciate the intertwining of religion and Islamic law. Show compassion for a business in trouble. (Coady, 2013)These basic principles that the Islamic countries follow are not the bias principles that we here in the States follow. We are taught to make a profit and anything much less is a failure in the business world. We must understand to do business with other countries, especially Islamic countries where religion and business go hand and hand we sometimes have to forget our ways and be flexible. When in Rome, do as the Romans.

Importance of Time Essay

Time is said to be eternal. It is said that it has neither a beginning nor an end. Yet men are able to measure it as years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. They have to a fault given meanings to the words past, present and future. True, sentence has a meaning. It moves.Yet time is said to have no holiday. It exists always. both movement of creation is linked with time. One nookienot grow paddy in a month nor can a child become an adult in a year. Everything is fixed .Time is a lighten force. It does not wait for any one. It is commonly said that time and tide waits for no man. Time is money. A minute not usefully spent is an eternal loss. You can neer get back the lost minute. One has to strike the iron when it is hot. The time flies and never returns. If you waste time it wastes you. To utilize time fruitfully, we must take concrete steps as to how we are passing game to use it and what we are going to do with it. There is a proverb which says that killing time is not a murder it is a suicide. It means, by wasting time one is not harming others. On the other hand one is harming himself. A man who is a part of nature cannot complain against time.Time is powerful. It conquers all. Men are only to practise it. Man cannot say that he has nothing of his own. Time which is valuable is all his own. If you are not on time and miss the train, you miss it fore-ever. So also the time, once you miss it, it flies off. You can never catch it. Hence it is called fleeting time. Let us learn to use our time fruitfully. This is the key to victory because time can create us or destroy us. It all depends on how we utilize time.

Environmental scanning Essay

How can you govern a republic which has 245 varieties of cheese? Charles de Gaulle. This is a term that Francis Aguilar a professor at the University of Harvard came up with in the mid 1960s to explain the actions of collecting information and watching and monitoring competitor companies and analyzing the external markets. According to Mafrica and Mason (2004), an environmental scan is part of strategic analysis process that has components of both external and inhering elements.It is also solid to note that all these components and elements interrelate. Basically organic laws and companies use environmental scans to project on the future directions, objectives, and both huge term and short term trends that will influence the administrations performance. Environmental scans are usually used in product development, market research and competition analysis as a company is planning, expanding or sentiment of diversifying its trading operations portfolio.The below diagram shows t he interrelation of the environmental scan to the SWOT analysis of an organization. b. What elements comprise an environmental scan? The elements of an environmental scan include both internal analysis and external analysis which terminate in a SWOT analysis of the organization. Both internal and external analysis are interrelated. In most of the situations organizations take environmental scans to only involve the external analysis (Albright, 2004).But for it to be nationwide and conclusive enough it has to involve both internal and external analysis. Internal analysis includes an analysis of the internal structures of the company, its policies and operations, employees and abilities while External analysis includes concepts such as the macro economic environment of the area in which the company operates. This includes the government, legislation policies, technology, socio-cultural trends, and shareholders.c. What are eight (8) current socio cultural trends in the United States that are transforming brotherhood the States and the rest of the world today? The eight socio-cultural trends in the United states that are transforming North America and the rest of the world today include the following- Religious affiliations and militant religious movements Consumerism, Environmentalism, Diet and pabulum HousingSocial movements, roles of government, family, and collectivism. Materialism Demographics like population size, ethnic origins, breeding levels, income levels. d. What four (4) questions should the scan act? The scan should be able to answer trends or projection towards changes in consumerism, which will help an organization in diversifying its products and get to know spending habits of the target market and population (Wheelen & Hunger, 2008).Environmentalism which will help the organization to formulate its public relations policy more so as regards corporate favorable responsibility, social movements and roles of government, family and collectivi sm which influences public opinion and public habits, and Demographics that help establish incomes and disposable incomes of the populations, projected population growth, education levels and backgrounds of the target area of expansion or of operation that will help an organization to redefine its operations and strategies.Bibliography Albright. K. (2004, May/June). Environmental scanning Radar for success. Information Management Journal, 3(38), 38-44. Mafrica. L. & Mason. M. (2003, January). From scan to plan. Association Management, article 14 of 270. Wheelen. T. L. & Hunger. J. D. (2008). Strategic management and business policy (11th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Award Speech

Today ladies and gentleman it is my privilege to present the award for the ardentest tike of the year award. Introduction l. Hook Imagine being a few weeks old finding yourself on the side of the road burled In some smelly trash or thrown Into a deep, dark, muddy hole near the busy streets of Nairobi, Kenya. No sign of your parents, food, or shelter. You are ultimately helpless. L.Credential instruction Last year during spring break I had the privilege o go on a mission trip to Nairobi, Kenya with eleven other classmates. II. Thesis Eve been preparing for this trip and was so excited to lastly see how God could use me to serve others, but junior-grade did I know that a little boy name kick up was going to change my view on life forever. Body l. Remap hearthstone A. 53 children 3-11 years old B. AIDS C. No shoes, barely clothing II. Harry A. About Harry 1. Huge Smile 2. 9 years old 3. Side of the road B.Physical Condition 1. AIDS 2. summation stopped four quantify . Breathing Machine 4. Fluid in his lungs 5. Wheel Chair 6. pass Blind C. Faith 1. First thing he told me Noon 1512) How this applies to me and the audience Ill. A. Always sour to God when things get rough B. Hes always going to be there for us C. Always recognize one another because you never know when your life will be taken away last Harry deserves this award because no matter what life throws at him he always stays strong In Christ.I have never seen anyone as passionate about Christ Han Harry and that fascinates me because even though he has no parents, Is deathly Ill and doesnt even have any possessions of his own, he still praises the sea captain to no Limit. He authentically made me appreciate what I had and to never ever take anything for granted. He showed me how absolutely blessed I am in this life. He has been through so much Ana It truly snows now much strength n 110 NAS an tongue all t tough times he has endured. So I am proud to award him with the strongest child of the year award.