Literature reviewe (Technology adoption) Thesis

Literature reviewe (Technology adoption) - Thesis ExampleThe developing countries have now started cover technology to offer e-government services to the citizens but it has not been adapted globally at the same rate. The factors responsible for low penetration of technology is developing nations could take off crossways nations and regions. However, to make the services fruitful and to enhance adoption by consumers, various researchers have formulated and developed theoretical frameworks to understand and explain the transit of technology adoption. Agarwal (2000) defines technology adoption as the function, or acceptance of a new technology, or new product. In Information Technology and Information agreement (IT/IS) research, numerous theories have been used to study users adoption of new technologies. Various models were developed including Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)(Davis, 1989), possible action of Reasvirtuosod Action (TRA)(Ajzen et al., 1980) , Theory of Planned Be haviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991), and recently, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al., 2003) which have all identified factors that affect an individuals intention to use or the actual use of information technology. 3.2 Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) The possibility of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975, Ajzen et al., 1980) is well-accepted model that has been used successfully to explain doings across wide variety of settings (Chau, 1996, Chen et al., 2002, Davis et al., 1989, Venkatesh, 1999). According to TRA, an individuals behaviour is best predicted by his/her behavioural intention which, in turn, is determined by the persons attitudes and subjective norm (social influence) (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). This implies that individuals consider the implications of their actions before they decided to engage or actually engage in any given behaviour. This theory focuses on behaviour intentions rather than on attitudes that influe nce behaviour (Al-Quesi, n.d.). However, an individual may not always consider the implications of his actions. This too may differ across individuals and across situations. According to TRA an individuals intention to perform behaviour encompasses two factors attitudes the performance of behaviour and subjective norms. Behavioural intention refers to the strength of ones intention to perform a specified behaviour (Davis et al., 1989). Attitude is defined as the degree to which an individual makes a positive or electronegative evaluation about certain behaviour (Alzharani, n.d.). It is a set of beliefs about the object under consideration. An individuals attitude towards any object provoke be predicted with a high degree of accuracy if the researcher has knowledge about the individuals beliefs about the attitude object and the evaluation aspects of these beliefs (Al-Quesi, n.d.). If an individual believes that e-banking is risky or cumbersome or economic, his action would depend upon the evaluation of the attribute, Subjective norm is defined as beliefs about what others will think about the behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). It is also the social norm to perform or not perform behaviour (Alzharani, n.d.). That is, if an individual believes that most of people who are important to him encompass the outcome of performing the behaviour as positive, he/she will be more likely to perform the behaviour. Hence it can be defined as the individuals perception of what most people would like, especially people who matter to him. The subjective norms are generally determined by